diff --git a/crypto/err/openssl.txt b/crypto/err/openssl.txt
index e90e5dc03339..f391e756475c 100644
--- a/crypto/err/openssl.txt
+++ b/crypto/err/openssl.txt
@@ -1006,6 +1006,7 @@ PROV_R_BN_ERROR:160:bn error
 PROV_R_CIPHER_OPERATION_FAILED:102:cipher operation failed
 PROV_R_DERIVATION_FUNCTION_INIT_FAILED:205:derivation function init failed
 PROV_R_DIGEST_NOT_ALLOWED:174:digest not allowed
+PROV_R_EMS_NOT_ENABLED:233:ems not enabled
 PROV_R_ENTROPY_SOURCE_STRENGTH_TOO_WEAK:186:entropy source strength too weak
 PROV_R_ERROR_INSTANTIATING_DRBG:188:error instantiating drbg
 PROV_R_ERROR_RETRIEVING_ENTROPY:189:error retrieving entropy
diff --git a/include/openssl/core_names.h b/include/openssl/core_names.h
index 173a81d28bbe..5e5be567a578 100644
--- a/include/openssl/core_names.h
+++ b/include/openssl/core_names.h
@@ -21,11 +21,12 @@ extern "C" {
 #define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_CORE_MODULE_FILENAME "module-filename" /* utf8_ptr */
 
 /* Well known parameter names that Providers can define */
-#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_NAME            "name"                /* utf8_ptr */
-#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_VERSION         "version"             /* utf8_ptr */
-#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_BUILDINFO       "buildinfo"           /* utf8_ptr */
-#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_STATUS          "status"              /* uint */
-#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_SECURITY_CHECKS "security-checks"     /* uint */
+#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_NAME               "name"                /* utf8_ptr */
+#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_VERSION            "version"             /* utf8_ptr */
+#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_BUILDINFO          "buildinfo"           /* utf8_ptr */
+#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_STATUS             "status"              /* uint */
+#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_SECURITY_CHECKS    "security-checks"     /* uint */
+#define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_TLS1_PRF_EMS_CHECK "tls1-prf-ems-check"  /* uint */
 
 /* Self test callback parameters */
 #define OSSL_PROV_PARAM_SELF_TEST_PHASE  "st-phase" /* utf8_string */
diff --git a/include/openssl/fips_names.h b/include/openssl/fips_names.h
index 0fdf5440c7cb..3f29369b3f92 100644
--- a/include/openssl/fips_names.h
+++ b/include/openssl/fips_names.h
@@ -53,6 +53,14 @@ extern "C" {
  */
 # define OSSL_PROV_FIPS_PARAM_SECURITY_CHECKS "security-checks"
 
+/*
+ * A boolean that determines if the runtime FIPS check for TLS1_PRF EMS is performed.
+ * This is disabled by default.
+ *
+ * Type: OSSL_PARAM_UTF8_STRING
+ */
+# define OSSL_PROV_FIPS_PARAM_TLS1_PRF_EMS_CHECK "tls1-prf-ems-check"
+
 # ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 # endif
diff --git a/include/openssl/proverr.h b/include/openssl/proverr.h
index 3685430f5d3e..bf4dc135f592 100644
--- a/include/openssl/proverr.h
+++ b/include/openssl/proverr.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 # define PROV_R_CIPHER_OPERATION_FAILED                   102
 # define PROV_R_DERIVATION_FUNCTION_INIT_FAILED           205
 # define PROV_R_DIGEST_NOT_ALLOWED                        174
+# define PROV_R_EMS_NOT_ENABLED                           233
 # define PROV_R_ENTROPY_SOURCE_STRENGTH_TOO_WEAK          186
 # define PROV_R_ERROR_INSTANTIATING_DRBG                  188
 # define PROV_R_ERROR_RETRIEVING_ENTROPY                  189
diff --git a/providers/common/include/prov/securitycheck.h b/providers/common/include/prov/securitycheck.h
index 4a7f85f71186..62e60cc0103f 100644
--- a/providers/common/include/prov/securitycheck.h
+++ b/providers/common/include/prov/securitycheck.h
@@ -28,3 +28,4 @@ int ossl_digest_get_approved_nid(const EVP_MD *md);
 int ossl_digest_rsa_sign_get_md_nid(OSSL_LIB_CTX *ctx, const EVP_MD *md,
                                     int sha1_allowed);
 int ossl_securitycheck_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx);
+int ossl_tls1_prf_ems_check_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx);
diff --git a/providers/common/provider_err.c b/providers/common/provider_err.c
index f6144072aa04..954aabe80cfc 100644
--- a/providers/common/provider_err.c
+++ b/providers/common/provider_err.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ static const ERR_STRING_DATA PROV_str_reasons[] = {
     "derivation function init failed"},
     {ERR_PACK(ERR_LIB_PROV, 0, PROV_R_DIGEST_NOT_ALLOWED),
     "digest not allowed"},
+    {ERR_PACK(ERR_LIB_PROV, 0, PROV_R_EMS_NOT_ENABLED), "ems not enabled"},
     {ERR_PACK(ERR_LIB_PROV, 0, PROV_R_ENTROPY_SOURCE_STRENGTH_TOO_WEAK),
     "entropy source strength too weak"},
     {ERR_PACK(ERR_LIB_PROV, 0, PROV_R_ERROR_INSTANTIATING_DRBG),
diff --git a/providers/common/securitycheck_default.c b/providers/common/securitycheck_default.c
index de7f0d3a0a57..63c875ecd0b7 100644
--- a/providers/common/securitycheck_default.c
+++ b/providers/common/securitycheck_default.c
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ int ossl_securitycheck_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
     return 0;
 }
 
+/* Disable the ems check in the default provider */
+int ossl_tls1_prf_ems_check_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
 int ossl_digest_rsa_sign_get_md_nid(OSSL_LIB_CTX *ctx, const EVP_MD *md,
                                     int sha1_allowed)
 {
diff --git a/providers/common/securitycheck_fips.c b/providers/common/securitycheck_fips.c
index b7659bd395c3..2bc8a5992685 100644
--- a/providers/common/securitycheck_fips.c
+++ b/providers/common/securitycheck_fips.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "prov/securitycheck.h"
 
 int FIPS_security_check_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx);
+int FIPS_tls_prf_ems_check(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx);
 
 int ossl_securitycheck_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
 {
@@ -30,6 +31,11 @@ int ossl_securitycheck_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
 #endif /* OPENSSL_NO_FIPS_SECURITYCHECKS */
 }
 
+int ossl_tls1_prf_ems_check_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
+{
+    return FIPS_tls_prf_ems_check(libctx);
+}
+
 int ossl_digest_rsa_sign_get_md_nid(OSSL_LIB_CTX *ctx, const EVP_MD *md,
                                     int sha1_allowed)
 {
diff --git a/providers/fips/fipsprov.c b/providers/fips/fipsprov.c
index b86b27d236f3..b881f46f36ad 100644
--- a/providers/fips/fipsprov.c
+++ b/providers/fips/fipsprov.c
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ static OSSL_FUNC_provider_query_operation_fn fips_query;
 #define ALG(NAMES, FUNC) ALGC(NAMES, FUNC, NULL)
 extern OSSL_FUNC_core_thread_start_fn *c_thread_start;
 int FIPS_security_check_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx);
+int FIPS_tls_prf_ems_check(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx);
 
 /*
  * Should these function pointers be stored in the provider side provctx? Could
@@ -82,7 +83,9 @@ typedef struct fips_global_st {
     const OSSL_CORE_HANDLE *handle;
     SELF_TEST_POST_PARAMS selftest_params;
     int fips_security_checks;
+    int fips_tls1_prf_ems_check;
     const char *fips_security_check_option;
+    const char *fips_tls1_prf_ems_check_option;
 } FIPS_GLOBAL;
 
 static void *fips_prov_ossl_ctx_new(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
@@ -94,6 +97,9 @@ void *ossl_fips_prov_ossl_ctx_new(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
     fgbl->fips_security_checks = 1;
     fgbl->fips_security_check_option = "1";
 
+    fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check = 1; /* Enabled by default */
+    fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check_option = "1";
+
     return fgbl;
 }
 
@@ -109,6 +115,7 @@ static const OSSL_PARAM fips_param_types[] = {
     OSSL_PARAM_DEFN(OSSL_PROV_PARAM_BUILDINFO, OSSL_PARAM_UTF8_PTR, NULL, 0),
     OSSL_PARAM_DEFN(OSSL_PROV_PARAM_STATUS, OSSL_PARAM_INTEGER, NULL, 0),
     OSSL_PARAM_DEFN(OSSL_PROV_PARAM_SECURITY_CHECKS, OSSL_PARAM_INTEGER, NULL, 0),
+    OSSL_PARAM_DEFN(OSSL_PROV_PARAM_TLS1_PRF_EMS_CHECK, OSSL_PARAM_INTEGER, NULL, 0),
     OSSL_PARAM_END
 };
 
@@ -119,9 +126,10 @@ static int fips_get_params_from_core(FIPS_GLOBAL *fgbl)
     * NOTE: inside core_get_params() these will be loaded from config items
     * stored inside prov->parameters (except for
     * OSSL_PROV_PARAM_CORE_MODULE_FILENAME).
-    * OSSL_PROV_FIPS_PARAM_SECURITY_CHECKS is not a self test parameter.
+    * OSSL_PROV_FIPS_PARAM_SECURITY_CHECKS and
+    * OSSL_PROV_FIPS_PARAM_TLS1_PRF_EMS_CHECK are not self test parameters.
     */
-    OSSL_PARAM core_params[8], *p = core_params;
+    OSSL_PARAM core_params[9], *p = core_params;
 
     *p++ = OSSL_PARAM_construct_utf8_ptr(
             OSSL_PROV_PARAM_CORE_MODULE_FILENAME,
@@ -151,6 +159,10 @@ static int fips_get_params_from_core(FIPS_GLOBAL *fgbl)
             OSSL_PROV_FIPS_PARAM_SECURITY_CHECKS,
             (char **)&fgbl->fips_security_check_option,
             sizeof(fgbl->fips_security_check_option));
+    *p++ = OSSL_PARAM_construct_utf8_ptr(
+            OSSL_PROV_FIPS_PARAM_TLS1_PRF_EMS_CHECK,
+            (char **)&fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check_option,
+            sizeof(fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check_option));
     *p = OSSL_PARAM_construct_end();
 
     if (!c_get_params(fgbl->handle, core_params)) {
@@ -187,6 +199,9 @@ static int fips_get_params(void *provctx, OSSL_PARAM params[])
     p = OSSL_PARAM_locate(params, OSSL_PROV_PARAM_SECURITY_CHECKS);
     if (p != NULL && !OSSL_PARAM_set_int(p, fgbl->fips_security_checks))
         return 0;
+    p = OSSL_PARAM_locate(params, OSSL_PROV_PARAM_TLS1_PRF_EMS_CHECK);
+    if (p != NULL && !OSSL_PARAM_set_int(p, fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check))
+        return 0;
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -703,6 +718,11 @@ int OSSL_provider_init_int(const OSSL_CORE_HANDLE *handle,
         && strcmp(fgbl->fips_security_check_option, "0") == 0)
         fgbl->fips_security_checks = 0;
 
+    /* Disable the ems check if it's disabled in the fips config file. */
+    if (fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check_option != NULL
+        && strcmp(fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check_option, "0") == 0)
+        fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check = 0;
+
     ossl_prov_cache_exported_algorithms(fips_ciphers, exported_fips_ciphers);
 
     if (!SELF_TEST_post(&fgbl->selftest_params, 0)) {
@@ -898,6 +918,15 @@ int FIPS_security_check_enabled(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
     return fgbl->fips_security_checks;
 }
 
+int FIPS_tls_prf_ems_check(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx)
+{
+    FIPS_GLOBAL *fgbl = ossl_lib_ctx_get_data(libctx,
+                                              OSSL_LIB_CTX_FIPS_PROV_INDEX,
+                                              &fips_prov_ossl_ctx_method);
+
+    return fgbl->fips_tls1_prf_ems_check;
+}
+
 void OSSL_SELF_TEST_get_callback(OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, OSSL_CALLBACK **cb,
                                  void **cbarg)
 {
diff --git a/providers/implementations/kdfs/tls1_prf.c b/providers/implementations/kdfs/tls1_prf.c
index 8a3807308408..2c2dbf31cc0b 100644
--- a/providers/implementations/kdfs/tls1_prf.c
+++ b/providers/implementations/kdfs/tls1_prf.c
@@ -45,6 +45,13 @@
  *     A(0) = seed
  *     A(i) = HMAC_<hash>(secret, A(i-1))
  */
+
+/*
+ * Low level APIs (such as DH) are deprecated for public use, but still ok for
+ * internal use.
+ */
+#include "internal/deprecated.h"
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -60,6 +67,7 @@
 #include "prov/providercommon.h"
 #include "prov/implementations.h"
 #include "prov/provider_util.h"
+#include "prov/securitycheck.h"
 #include "e_os.h"
 
 static OSSL_FUNC_kdf_newctx_fn kdf_tls1_prf_new;
@@ -78,6 +86,8 @@ static int tls1_prf_alg(EVP_MAC_CTX *mdctx, EVP_MAC_CTX *sha1ctx,
                         unsigned char *out, size_t olen);
 
 #define TLS1_PRF_MAXBUF 1024
+#define TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST        "\x6d\x61\x73\x74\x65\x72\x20\x73\x65\x63\x72\x65\x74"
+#define TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST_SIZE   13
 
 /* TLS KDF kdf context structure */
 typedef struct {
@@ -160,6 +170,7 @@ static int kdf_tls1_prf_derive(void *vctx, unsigned char *key, size_t keylen,
                                const OSSL_PARAM params[])
 {
     TLS1_PRF *ctx = (TLS1_PRF *)vctx;
+    OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx = PROV_LIBCTX_OF(ctx->provctx);
 
     if (!ossl_prov_is_running() || !kdf_tls1_prf_set_ctx_params(ctx, params))
         return 0;
@@ -181,6 +192,27 @@ static int kdf_tls1_prf_derive(void *vctx, unsigned char *key, size_t keylen,
         ctx->fips_indicator = EVP_KDF_REDHAT_FIPS_INDICATOR_NOT_APPROVED;
 #endif /* defined(FIPS_MODULE) */
 
+    /*
+     * The seed buffer is prepended with a label.
+     * If EMS mode is enforced then the label "master secret" is not allowed,
+     * We do the check this way since the PRF is used for other purposes, as well
+     * as "extended master secret".
+     */
+#ifdef FIPS_MODULE
+    if (ctx->seedlen >= TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST_SIZE
+            && memcmp(ctx->seed, TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST,
+                      TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST_SIZE) == 0)
+    ctx->fips_indicator = EVP_KDF_REDHAT_FIPS_INDICATOR_NOT_APPROVED;
+#endif /* defined(FIPS_MODULE) */
+    if (ossl_tls1_prf_ems_check_enabled(libctx)) {
+        if (ctx->seedlen >= TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST_SIZE
+                && memcmp(ctx->seed, TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST,
+                          TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST_SIZE) == 0) {
+            ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_PROV, PROV_R_EMS_NOT_ENABLED);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
     return tls1_prf_alg(ctx->P_hash, ctx->P_sha1,
                         ctx->sec, ctx->seclen,
                         ctx->seed, ctx->seedlen,
diff --git a/test/sslapitest.c b/test/sslapitest.c
index 3a8242d2d8c8..b0fbb504689e 100644
--- a/test/sslapitest.c
+++ b/test/sslapitest.c
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ static char *tmpfilename = NULL;
 static char *dhfile = NULL;
 
 static int is_fips = 0;
+static int fips_ems_check = 0;
 
 #define LOG_BUFFER_SIZE 2048
 static char server_log_buffer[LOG_BUFFER_SIZE + 1] = {0};
@@ -796,7 +797,7 @@ static int test_no_ems(void)
 {
     SSL_CTX *cctx = NULL, *sctx = NULL;
     SSL *clientssl = NULL, *serverssl = NULL;
-    int testresult = 0;
+    int testresult = 0, status;
 
     if (!create_ssl_ctx_pair(libctx, TLS_server_method(), TLS_client_method(),
                              TLS1_VERSION, TLS1_2_VERSION,
@@ -812,19 +813,25 @@ static int test_no_ems(void)
         goto end;
     }
 
-    if (!create_ssl_connection(serverssl, clientssl, SSL_ERROR_NONE)) {
-        printf("Creating SSL connection failed\n");
-        goto end;
-    }
-
-    if (SSL_get_extms_support(serverssl)) {
-        printf("Server reports Extended Master Secret support\n");
-        goto end;
-    }
-
-    if (SSL_get_extms_support(clientssl)) {
-        printf("Client reports Extended Master Secret support\n");
-        goto end;
+    status = create_ssl_connection(serverssl, clientssl, SSL_ERROR_NONE);
+    if (fips_ems_check) {
+        if (status == 1) {
+            printf("When FIPS uses the EMS check a connection that doesnt use EMS should fail\n");
+            goto end;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!status) {
+            printf("Creating SSL connection failed\n");
+            goto end;
+        }
+        if (SSL_get_extms_support(serverssl)) {
+            printf("Server reports Extended Master Secret support\n");
+            goto end;
+        }
+        if (SSL_get_extms_support(clientssl)) {
+            printf("Client reports Extended Master Secret support\n");
+            goto end;
+        }
     }
     testresult = 1;
 
@@ -10740,9 +10747,24 @@ int setup_tests(void)
             && !TEST_false(OSSL_PROVIDER_available(libctx, "default")))
         return 0;
 
-    if (strcmp(modulename, "fips") == 0)
+    if (strcmp(modulename, "fips") == 0) {
+        OSSL_PROVIDER *prov = NULL;
+        OSSL_PARAM params[2];
+
         is_fips = 1;
 
+        prov = OSSL_PROVIDER_load(libctx, "fips");
+        if (prov != NULL) {
+            /* Query the fips provider to check if the check ems option is enabled */
+            params[0] =
+                OSSL_PARAM_construct_int(OSSL_PROV_PARAM_TLS1_PRF_EMS_CHECK,
+                                         &fips_ems_check);
+            params[1] = OSSL_PARAM_construct_end();
+            OSSL_PROVIDER_get_params(prov, params);
+            OSSL_PROVIDER_unload(prov);
+        }
+    }
+
     /*
      * We add, but don't load the test "tls-provider". We'll load it when we
      * need it.
@@ -10816,6 +10838,12 @@ int setup_tests(void)
     if (privkey8192 == NULL)
         goto err;
 
+    if (fips_ems_check) {
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_2
+        ADD_TEST(test_no_ems);
+#endif
+        return 1;
+    }
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_KTLS) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK)
 # if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_TLS1_2) || !defined(OSSL_NO_USABLE_TLS1_3)
     ADD_ALL_TESTS(test_ktls, NUM_KTLS_TEST_CIPHERS * 4);
diff -up openssl-3.0.7/test/recipes/30-test_evp_data/evpkdf_tls12_prf.txt.xxx openssl-3.0.7/test/recipes/30-test_evp_data/evpkdf_tls12_prf.txt
--- openssl-3.0.7/test/recipes/30-test_evp_data/evpkdf_tls12_prf.txt.xxx	2023-04-17 13:04:21.078501747 +0200
+++ openssl-3.0.7/test/recipes/30-test_evp_data/evpkdf_tls12_prf.txt	2023-04-17 13:11:03.189059638 +0200
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 Title = TLS12 PRF tests (from NIST test vectors)
 
+Availablein = default
 KDF = TLS1-PRF
 Ctrl.digest = digest:SHA256
 Ctrl.Secret = hexsecret:f8938ecc9edebc5030c0c6a441e213cd24e6f770a50dda07876f8d55da062bcadb386b411fd4fe4313a604fce6c17fbc
@@ -21,6 +22,16 @@ Ctrl.client_random = hexseed:36c129d01a3
 Ctrl.server_random = hexseed:f6c9575ed7ddd73e1f7d16eca115415812a43c2b747daaaae043abfb50053fce
 Output = 202c88c00f84a17a20027079604787461176455539e705be730890602c289a5001e34eeb3a043e5d52a65e66125188bf
 
+Availablein = fips
+KDF = TLS1-PRF
+Ctrl.digest = digest:SHA256
+Ctrl.Secret = hexsecret:f8938ecc9edebc5030c0c6a441e213cd24e6f770a50dda07876f8d55da062bcadb386b411fd4fe4313a604fce6c17fbc
+Ctrl.label = seed:master secret
+Ctrl.client_random = hexseed:36c129d01a3200894b9179faac589d9835d58775f9b5ea3587cb8fd0364cae8c
+Ctrl.server_random = hexseed:f6c9575ed7ddd73e1f7d16eca115415812a43c2b747daaaae043abfb50053fce
+Output = 202c88c00f84a17a20027079604787461176455539e705be730890602c289a5001e34eeb3a043e5d52a65e66125188bf
+Result = KDF_DERIVE_ERROR
+
 KDF = TLS1-PRF
 Ctrl.digest = digest:SHA256
 Ctrl.Secret = hexsecret:202c88c00f84a17a20027079604787461176455539e705be730890602c289a5001e34eeb3a043e5d52a65e66125188bf
diff -up openssl-3.0.7/ssl/t1_enc.c.noems openssl-3.0.7/ssl/t1_enc.c
--- openssl-3.0.7/ssl/t1_enc.c.noems	2023-05-05 11:15:57.934415272 +0200
+++ openssl-3.0.7/ssl/t1_enc.c	2023-05-05 11:39:03.578163778 +0200
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <openssl/obj_mac.h>
 #include <openssl/core_names.h>
 #include <openssl/trace.h>
+#include <openssl/fips.h>
 
 /* seed1 through seed5 are concatenated */
 static int tls1_PRF(SSL *s,
@@ -75,8 +76,14 @@ static int tls1_PRF(SSL *s,
     }
 
  err:
-    if (fatal)
-        SSLfatal(s, SSL_AD_INTERNAL_ERROR, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    if (fatal) {
+        /* The calls to this function are local so it's safe to implement the check */
+        if (FIPS_mode() && seed1_len >= TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST_SIZE
+            && memcmp(seed1, TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST, TLS_MD_MASTER_SECRET_CONST_SIZE) == 0)
+            SSLfatal(s, SSL_AD_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE, ERR_R_UNSUPPORTED);
+	else
+            SSLfatal(s, SSL_AD_INTERNAL_ERROR, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
     else
         ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_SSL, ERR_R_INTERNAL_ERROR);
     EVP_KDF_CTX_free(kctx);
diff -up openssl-3.0.7/ssl/statem/extensions_srvr.c.noems openssl-3.0.7/ssl/statem/extensions_srvr.c
--- openssl-3.0.7/ssl/statem/extensions_srvr.c.noems	2023-05-05 17:14:04.663800271 +0200
+++ openssl-3.0.7/ssl/statem/extensions_srvr.c	2023-05-05 17:20:33.764599507 +0200
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "../ssl_local.h"
 #include "statem_local.h"
 #include "internal/cryptlib.h"
+#include <openssl/fips.h>
 
 #define COOKIE_STATE_FORMAT_VERSION     1
 
@@ -1552,8 +1553,13 @@ EXT_RETURN tls_construct_stoc_etm(SSL *s
 EXT_RETURN tls_construct_stoc_ems(SSL *s, WPACKET *pkt, unsigned int context,
                                   X509 *x, size_t chainidx)
 {
-    if ((s->s3.flags & TLS1_FLAGS_RECEIVED_EXTMS) == 0)
+    if ((s->s3.flags & TLS1_FLAGS_RECEIVED_EXTMS) == 0) {
+        if (FIPS_mode() && !(SSL_get_options(s) & SSL_OP_RH_PERMIT_NOEMS_FIPS) ) {
+            SSLfatal(s, SSL_AD_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE, ERR_R_UNSUPPORTED);
+            return EXT_RETURN_FAIL;
+        }
         return EXT_RETURN_NOT_SENT;
+    }
 
     if (!WPACKET_put_bytes_u16(pkt, TLSEXT_TYPE_extended_master_secret)
             || !WPACKET_put_bytes_u16(pkt, 0)) {
diff -up openssl-3.0.7/include/openssl/ssl.h.in.fipsems openssl-3.0.7/include/openssl/ssl.h.in
--- openssl-3.0.7/include/openssl/ssl.h.in.fipsems	2023-07-11 12:35:27.951610366 +0200
+++ openssl-3.0.7/include/openssl/ssl.h.in	2023-07-11 12:36:25.234754680 +0200
@@ -412,6 +412,7 @@ typedef int (*SSL_async_callback_fn)(SSL
      * interoperability with CryptoPro CSP 3.x
      */
 # define SSL_OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG                     SSL_OP_BIT(31)
+# define SSL_OP_RH_PERMIT_NOEMS_FIPS                     SSL_OP_BIT(48)
 
 /*
  * Option "collections."
diff -up openssl-3.0.7/ssl/ssl_conf.c.fipsems openssl-3.0.7/ssl/ssl_conf.c
--- openssl-3.0.7/ssl/ssl_conf.c.fipsems	2023-07-11 12:36:51.465278672 +0200
+++ openssl-3.0.7/ssl/ssl_conf.c	2023-07-11 12:44:53.365675720 +0200
@@ -387,6 +387,7 @@ static const ssl_conf_cmd_tbl ssl_conf_c
         SSL_FLAG_TBL("ClientRenegotiation",
                      SSL_OP_ALLOW_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION),
         SSL_FLAG_TBL_INV("EncryptThenMac", SSL_OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC),
+        SSL_FLAG_TBL("RHNoEnforceEMSinFIPS", SSL_OP_RH_PERMIT_NOEMS_FIPS),
         SSL_FLAG_TBL("NoRenegotiation", SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION),
         SSL_FLAG_TBL("AllowNoDHEKEX", SSL_OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX),
         SSL_FLAG_TBL("PrioritizeChaCha", SSL_OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA),
diff -up openssl-3.0.7/doc/man3/SSL_CONF_cmd.pod.fipsems openssl-3.0.7/doc/man3/SSL_CONF_cmd.pod
--- openssl-3.0.7/doc/man3/SSL_CONF_cmd.pod.fipsems	2023-07-12 13:54:22.508235187 +0200
+++ openssl-3.0.7/doc/man3/SSL_CONF_cmd.pod	2023-07-12 13:56:51.089613902 +0200
@@ -524,6 +524,9 @@ B<ExtendedMasterSecret>: use extended ma
 default. Inverse of B<SSL_OP_NO_EXTENDED_MASTER_SECRET>: that is,
 B<-ExtendedMasterSecret> is the same as setting B<SSL_OP_NO_EXTENDED_MASTER_SECRET>.
 
+B<RHNoEnforceEMSinFIPS>: allow establishing connections without EMS in FIPS mode.
+This is a RedHat-based OS specific option, and normally it should be set up via crypto policies.
+
 B<CANames>: use CA names extension, enabled by
 default. Inverse of B<SSL_OP_DISABLE_TLSEXT_CA_NAMES>: that is,
 B<-CANames> is the same as setting B<SSL_OP_DISABLE_TLSEXT_CA_NAMES>.
diff -up openssl-3.0.7/doc/man5/fips_config.pod.fipsems openssl-3.0.7/doc/man5/fips_config.pod
--- openssl-3.0.7/doc/man5/fips_config.pod.fipsems	2023-07-12 15:39:57.732206731 +0200
+++ openssl-3.0.7/doc/man5/fips_config.pod	2023-07-12 15:53:45.722885419 +0200
@@ -11,6 +11,19 @@ automatically loaded when the system is
 environment variable B<OPENSSL_FORCE_FIPS_MODE> is set. See the documentation
 for more information.
 
+Red Hat Enterprise Linux uses a supplementary config for FIPS module located in
+OpenSSL configuration directory and managed by crypto policies. If present, it
+should have format
+
+ [fips_sect]
+ tls1-prf-ems-check = 0
+ activate = 1
+
+The B<tls1-prf-ems-check> option specifies whether FIPS module will require the
+presence of extended master secret or not.
+
+The B<activate> option enforces FIPS provider activation.
+
 =head1 COPYRIGHT
 
 Copyright 2019-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.