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267 lines
13 KiB
267 lines
13 KiB
2 months ago
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Copyright (C) 2013 Red Hat, Inc.
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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////
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update-ca-trust(8)
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==================
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:doctype: manpage
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:man source: update-ca-trust
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NAME
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----
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update-ca-trust - manage consolidated and dynamic configuration of CA
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certificates and associated trust
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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*update-ca-trust* [extract] [-o 'DIR'|--output='DIR']
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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update-ca-trust(8) is used to manage a consolidated and dynamic configuration
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feature of Certificate Authority (CA) certificates and associated trust.
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The feature is available for new applications that read the
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consolidated configuration files found in the /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted directory
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or that load the PKCS#11 module p11-kit-trust.so
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Parts of the new feature are also provided in a way to make it useful
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for legacy applications.
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Many legacy applications expect CA certificates and trust configuration
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in a fixed location, contained in files with particular path and name,
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or by referring to a classic PKCS#11 trust module provided by the
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NSS cryptographic library.
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The dynamic configuration feature provides functionally compatible replacements
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for classic configuration files and for the classic NSS trust module named libnssckbi.
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In order to enable legacy applications, that read the classic files or
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access the classic module, to make use of the new consolidated and dynamic configuration
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feature, the classic filenames have been changed to symbolic links.
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The symbolic links refer to dynamically created and consolidated
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output stored below the /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted directory hierarchy.
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The output is produced using the 'update-ca-trust' command (without parameters),
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or using the 'update-ca-trust extract' command.
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In order to produce the output, a flexible set of source configuration
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is read, as described in section <<sourceconf,SOURCE CONFIGURATION>>.
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In addition, the classic PKCS#11 module
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is replaced with a new PKCS#11 module (p11-kit-trust.so) that dynamically
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reads the same source configuration.
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[[sourceconf]]
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SOURCE CONFIGURATION
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--------------------
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The dynamic configuration feature uses several source directories that
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will be scanned for any number of source files. *It is important to select
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the correct subdirectory for adding files, as the subdirectory defines how
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contained certificates will be trusted or distrusted, and which file formats are read.*
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Files in *subdirectories below the directory hierarchy /usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/* contain CA certificates and
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trust settings in the PEM file format. The trust settings found here will be
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interpreted with a *low priority*.
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Files in *subdirectories below the directory hierarchy /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/* contain CA certificates and
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trust settings in the PEM file format. The trust settings found here will be
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interpreted with a *high priority*.
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.You may use the following rules of thumb to decide, whether your configuration files should be added to the /etc or rather to the /usr directory hierarchy:
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* If you are manually adding a configuration file to a system, you probably
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want it to override any other default configuration, and you most likely should
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add it to the respective subdirectory in the /etc hierarchy.
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* If you are creating a package that provides additional root CA certificates,
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that is intended for distribution to several computer systems, but you still
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want to allow the administrator to override your list, then your package should
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add your files to the respective subdirectory in the /usr hierarchy.
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* If you are creating a package that is supposed to override the default system
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trust settings, that is intended for distribution to several computer systems, then your package should install the files to the respective
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subdirectory in the /etc hierarchy.
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.*QUICK HELP 1*: To add a certificate in the simple PEM or DER file formats to the list of CAs trusted on the system:
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* add it as a new file to directory /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
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* run 'update-ca-trust extract'
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.*QUICK HELP 2*: If your certificate is in the extended BEGIN TRUSTED file format (which may contain distrust/blocklist trust flags, or trust flags for usages other than TLS) then:
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* add it as a new file to directory /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/
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* run 'update-ca-trust extract'
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.In order to offer simplicity and flexibility, the way certificate files are treated depends on the subdirectory they are installed to.
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* simple trust anchors subdirectory: /usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/anchors/ or /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
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* simple blocklist (distrust) subdirectory: /usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/blocklist/ or /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/blocklist/
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* extended format directory: /usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/ or /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/
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.In the main directories /usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/ or /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/ you may install one or multiple files in the following file formats:
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* certificate files that include trust flags,
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in the BEGIN/END TRUSTED CERTIFICATE file format
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(any file name), which have been created using the openssl x509 tool
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and the -addreject -addtrust options.
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Bundle files with multiple certificates are supported.
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* files in the p11-kit file format using the .p11-kit file name
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extension, which can (e.g.) be used to distrust certificates
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based on serial number and issuer name, without having the
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full certificate available.
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(This is currently an undocumented format, to be extended later.
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For examples of the supported formats, see the files
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shipped with the ca-certificates package.)
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* certificate files without trust flags in either the DER file format or in
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the PEM (BEGIN/END CERTIFICATE) file format (any file name). Such files
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will be added with neutral trust, neither trusted nor distrusted.
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They will simply be known to the system, which might be helpful to
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assist cryptographic software in constructing chains of certificates.
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(If you want a CA certificate in these file formats to be trusted, you
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should remove it from this directory and move it to the
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./anchors subdirectory instead.)
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In the anchors subdirectories /usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/anchors/ or /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/
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you may install one or multiple certificates in either the DER file
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format or in the PEM (BEGIN/END CERTIFICATE) file format.
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Each certificate will be treated as *trusted* for all purposes.
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In the blocklist subdirectories /usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/blocklist/ or /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/blocklist/
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you may install one or multiple certificates in either the DER file
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format or in the PEM (BEGIN/END CERTIFICATE) file format.
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Each certificate will be treated as *distrusted* for all purposes.
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Please refer to the x509(1) manual page for the documentation of the
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BEGIN/END CERTIFICATE and BEGIN/END TRUSTED CERTIFICATE file formats.
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Applications that rely on a static file for a list of trusted CAs
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may load one of the files found in the /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted
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directory. After modifying any file in the
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/usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/ or /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/
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directories or in any of their subdirectories, or after adding a file,
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it is necessary to run the 'update-ca-trust extract' command,
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in order to update the consolidated files in /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/ .
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Applications that load the classic PKCS#11 module using filename libnssckbi.so
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(which has been converted into a symbolic link pointing to the new module)
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and any application capable of
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loading PKCS#11 modules and loading p11-kit-trust.so, will benefit from
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the dynamically merged set of certificates and trust information stored in the
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/usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/ and /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/ directories.
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[[extractconf]]
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EXTRACTED CONFIGURATION
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-----------------------
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The directory /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/ contains generated CA certificate
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bundle files which are created and updated, based on the <<sourceconf,SOURCE CONFIGURATION>>
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by running the 'update-ca-trust extract' command.
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If your application isn't able to load the PKCS#11 module p11-kit-trust.so,
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then you can use these files in your application to load a list of global
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root CA certificates.
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Please never manually edit the files stored in this directory,
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because your changes will be lost and the files automatically overwritten,
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each time the 'update-ca-trust extract' command gets executed.
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In order to install new trusted or distrusted certificates,
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please rather install them in the respective subdirectory below the
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/usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source/ or /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/
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directories, as described in the <<sourceconf,SOURCE CONFIGURATION>> section.
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The directory /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/ contains
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a CA certificate bundle in the java keystore file format.
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Distrust information cannot be represented in this file format,
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and distrusted certificates are missing from these files.
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File cacerts contains CA certificates trusted for TLS server authentication.
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The directory /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ contains
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CA certificate bundle files in the extended BEGIN/END TRUSTED CERTIFICATE file format,
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as described in the x509(1) manual page.
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File ca-bundle.trust.crt contains the full set of all trusted
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or distrusted certificates, including the associated trust flags.
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The directory /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/ contains
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CA certificate bundle files in the simple BEGIN/END CERTIFICATE file format,
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as described in the x509(1) manual page.
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Distrust information cannot be represented in this file format,
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and distrusted certificates are missing from these files.
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File tls-ca-bundle.pem contains CA certificates
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trusted for TLS server authentication.
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File email-ca-bundle.pem contains CA certificates
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trusted for E-Mail protection.
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File objsign-ca-bundle.pem contains CA certificates
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trusted for code signing.
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The directory /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/edk2/ contains a CA
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certificate bundle ("cacerts.bin") in the "sequence of
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EFI_SIGNATURE_LISTs" format, defined in the UEFI-2.7 specification,
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sections "31.4.1 Signature Database" and
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"EFI_CERT_X509_GUID". Distrust information cannot be represented in
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this file format, and distrusted certificates are missing from these
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files. File "cacerts.bin" contains CA certificates trusted for TLS
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server authentication.
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COMMANDS
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--------
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(absent/empty command)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Same as the *extract* command described below. (However, the command may print
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fewer warnings, as this command is being run during rpm package installation,
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where non-fatal status output is undesired.)
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extract
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~~~~~~~
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Instruct update-ca-trust to scan the <<sourceconf,SOURCE CONFIGURATION>> and
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produce updated versions of the consolidated configuration files stored below
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the /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted directory hierarchy.
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EXTRACT OPTIONS
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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*-o DIR*, *--output=DIR*::
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Write the extracted trust store into the given directory instead of
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updating /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted. (Note: This option will not
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populate the ../pki/tls/certs with the directory-hash symbolic links.)
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FILES
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-----
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/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt::
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Classic filename, file contains a list of CA certificates trusted for TLS server authentication usage, in the simple BEGIN/END CERTIFICATE file format, without distrust information.
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This file is a symbolic link that refers to the consolidated output created by the update-ca-trust command.
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/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.trust.crt::
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Classic filename, file contains a list of CA certificates in the extended BEGIN/END TRUSTED CERTIFICATE file format, which includes trust (and/or distrust) flags specific to certificate usage.
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This file is a symbolic link that refers to the consolidated output created by the update-ca-trust command.
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/etc/pki/java/cacerts::
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Classic filename, file contains a list of CA certificates trusted for TLS server authentication usage, in the Java keystore file format, without distrust information.
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This file is a symbolic link that refers to the consolidated output created by the update-ca-trust command.
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/usr/share/pki/ca-trust-source::
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Contains multiple, low priority source configuration files as explained in section <<sourceconf,SOURCE CONFIGURATION>>. Please pay attention to the specific meanings of the respective subdirectories.
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/etc/pki/ca-trust/source::
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Contains multiple, high priority source configuration files as explained in section <<sourceconf,SOURCE CONFIGURATION>>. Please pay attention to the specific meanings of the respective subdirectories.
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/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted::
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Contains consolidated and automatically generated configuration files for consumption by applications,
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which are created using the 'update-ca-trust extract' command. Don't edit files in this directory, because they will be overwritten.
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See section <<extractconf,EXTRACTED CONFIGURATION>> for additional details.
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/etc/pki/tls/certs::
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Contains symbolic links to the directory-hash format certificates generated by update-ca-trust command.
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AUTHOR
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------
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Written by Kai Engert and Stef Walter.
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